Salt production areas were also affected by oil pollution. Al pulsar "Accept cookies" consiente dichas cookies. Was environmental justice served? The ice strengthened cruise vessel, USHUAIA ran aground on 4th December 2008, while sailing through Bahia Guillermina, along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Intermittent oiling subsequently occurred over some 400km of shoreline between Finistère and Charente-Maritime. Erika was a tanker built in 1975 and last chartered by Total-Fina-Elf. The ERIKA had always been "sensitive" to corrosion, but she really began to fall into disrepair when No.4 tanks and especially No.2 wing tanks became dedicated ballast tanks. Categories: HNS, Chemical Tanker, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Due to the long time that the oil spent at sea, much of it formed a water-in-oil emulsion, which significantly increased its volume and viscosity. Categories: Americas, Fate of Oil Spills, Oil, Oil Tanker, Environmental effects, Chile. (2001). Exemple de dissertation universitaire contract administration case study spill Erika study oil case best essay vocabulary pollution and mankind essay pdf meri maa essay in gujarati. It was carrying 66,700 tonnes of heavy fuel oil en-route from Venezuela to the United Arab Emirates. December 12 th marks 19 years since one of the most notorious marine oil spills ever reported in European waters. Retrieved 22.12.19[click to view], Reuters (2012) French court upholds Total conviction in Erika oil spill. These included sea turtles, birds and fish. The vessel had approximately 1,700 MT of IFO 380 bunker fuel and 61 MT diesel oil onboard. Due to the long time that the oil spent at sea, much of it formed a water-in-oil emulsion, which significantly increased its volume and viscosity. In the early hours of the morning of 6th October, while en route to Bilbao with a cargo of steel plates, the 6,577 GT general cargo ship FLINTERSTAR was involved in a collision with the 136,685 GT LNG carrier AL ORAIQ approximately six nautical miles off the coast of Zeebrugge, Belgium. In the early hours of 25th May 2010, tanker BUNGA KELANA 3 (57,017GT, built 1998) collided with bulk carrier WAILY (15,272GT, built 1983) in the traffic separation scheme within the Singapore Strait, approximately 13km south east of Singapore. The company did not employ a specialist in naval architecture or vessel strength which is typical for such companies. The French Naval Command in Brest took charge of the response operations at sea in accordance with the French National Contingency Plan. …according to the official report of Permanent Commission of enquiry into accidents at sea (CPEM). On 28th January 2011, the bulk carrier GDANSK was loaded with 35,100 MT of iron ore when she ran aground outside Ferrominera Port, Puerto Ordaz, on the Orinoco River in Venezuela. Owing to the influence of strong winds and currents, shoreline oiling did not occur as quickly as expected or in the locations originally forecast. About 20,000 tonnes of oil were spilled. The most heavily contaminated areas were located in Loire Atlantique, the northern Vendée and on offshore islands, notably Belle Ile. On the 10th April 1991, the ro-ro ferry MOBY PRINCE collided with the tanker AGIP ABRUZZO (98,544 GT; built 1977) in the Italian port of Livorno. Savarese lives in London and was personally responsible for finance, administration, legal, commercial, hull and machinery insurance and P&I insurance matters. Categories: Americas, Oil, Bulk Carrier, Venezuela. On December 12, 1999, she broke in two and sank, releasing thousands of tons of oil into the sea, killing marine life and polluting shores around Brittany, France. The French Court assessed the total damages for civil parties at the amount of €192.8 million. Some cracks appeared in the evening, the ship wanted to shelter in Donges. ‘It was very difficult to contain this pollution because of the type of cargo being carried and because of the severe weather conditions and it eventually soiled several hundred kilometres of coastline from Brittany down to the Ile de Ré,’. Following the lightering of the remaining cargo, the vessel was re-floated successfully on 12th October 2000. Learn from the past: Erika oil spill, Europe’s environmental disaster. Environmental justice organizations (and other supporters) and their websites, if available: MEDIUM (street protests, visible mobilization), Mobilization for reparations once impacts have been felt. Modifications of the stress distribution in the hull may have resulted from the work carried out due to: The weakening of the structure of section No.2 of the Erika was thus due to insufficient maintenance and the corresponding rapid development of corrosion, leading to a succession of ruptures which caused the whole structure to collapse, when the ship encountered heavy weather. Categories: Americas, Oil, Oil Tanker, West Indies. Namely, according to ITOPF data, during the cleanup operation, between 190,000 and 200,000 tonnes of oily waste was collected from shorelines and temporarily stockpiled. Plaintiffs in the case had warned that overturning the original rulings would have undermined decades of attempts to hold firms accountable for environmental damage caused by oil spills. On 8 December 1999, the Maltese-flagged tanker Erika, departed Dunkerque bound for Livorno, carrying around 31,000 tons of heavy fuel oil. Categories: Oil, Europe, Oil Tanker, Economic effects, France, Spain. USHUAIA was carrying a total of 440 tonnes of Marine Gas Oil at the time of the grounding. Categories: Americas, Oil, Oil Tanker, Canada. Categories: Oil, Bulk Carrier, Europe, Norway. The vessel was carrying 4,940 tonnes of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 380 as cargo, 190 tonnes of HFO 380 as bunker fuel and 24 tonnes of Marine Gas Oil (MGO). France's highest appeal court, the Court of Cassation, on Tuesday upheld energy giant Total’s conviction for negligence arising from the 1999 shipwreck of the oil-tanker Erika. It sank off the coast of France in 1999, causing a major environmental disaster. Almost 74,000 oiled birds were recorded ashore along the coast of the Bay of Biscay, of which almost 42,000 were dead. Categories: Oil, Cruise Ship, Planning & operations, Antarctica, EXXON VALDEZ, Alaska, United States, 1989, NATUNA SEA, Indonesia/Singapore/Malaysia, 2000, STOLT VALOR, off the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2012. Neither vessel sank, but approximately 2,700 tonnes of heavy fuel oil was lost from BALTIC CARRIER’s cargo of some 30,000 tonnes. In 2008, French court ruled that the owner was "guilty of negligence" for the sinking and ordered it to pay millions of euros in damages for the environmental disaster. Categories: Europe, General Cargo ship, Belgium. On 31st January 2006, the Marshall Islands-registered chemical tanker, ECE was on a laden voyage from Safi, Morocco to Ghent, Belgium with a cargo of 10,361 tonnes of Phosphoric Acid when she collided with the bulk carrier GENERAL GROT-ROWECKI off Alderney, Channel Islands, UK. Categories: Africa, Oil, Bulk Carrier, Environmental effects, United Kingdom. On 12 December 1999, the Erika, a 25 year-old single-hull oil tanker, broke in two off France, polluting almost 400 km of French coastline and causing unprecedented damage to marine environment, claiming the title of one of the most major environmental disasters of recent years. Categories: Oil , Europe , Oil Tanker , Disposal , France These areas required the mobilisation of considerable cleanup resources to carry out a programme of initial bulk oil removal, followed by prolonged and difficult secondary cleaning. On 10th September 2011, the bulk carrier GOLDEN TRADER collided with the fishing vessel VIDAR approximately twenty nautical miles off the western coast of mainland Denmark resulting in the spillage of approximately 205 tonnes of intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO 180). The collision caused serious damage to the starboard aft tanks, resulting in the release of ~2,000 tonnes of crude oil and an unknown amount of Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO) 380 bunkers. The simulated distillation (Figure 4) showed that this fuel oil n°6 was composed by a mixture of hght cycle oil (LCO), high On 23rd February 1980, whilst at anchor at the bunkering location in Navarino Bay, Greece, the Greek tanker IRENES SERENADE loaded with a cargo of in 102,660 tonnes of Iraqi crude oil suffered explosions in the forecastle which set the cargo alight. As such, the major casualty became a good example of how public anger can pave the way for change and ensure that people learn from oil spills. Retrieved 22.12.19 [click to view] The Guardian (2008) Erika oil spill 1999. Categories: Africa, Oil, Product Tanker, Morocco. Even worse, the heavy weather with tides and currents made some of the slicks to “throw up very high on the foreshore, turning the spill into an ecological catastrophe. Categories: Asia, Oil, Oil Tanker, Environmental effects, Philippines. Related laws and legislations - Juridical texts related to the conflict, References to published books, academic articles, movies or published documentaries, Links to general newspaper articles, blogs or other websites, Related media links to videos, campaigns, social network, We use cookies for statistical purposes and to improve our services. Was paid to segregation of wastes, however that the other factors can be considered as secondary decisive! Fate of Oil were estimated lost from the vessel was carrying 66,700 tonnes of cargo management company was Panship a. Was cut through the middle Algeria, Angola synthesis essay memorials dissertation exemples pdf on December. Was in ballast, carrying around 80,000 tonnes of marine diesel as well as lubrication oils 184 meters and... Spills ever reported in European waters sea ( CPEM ) of the remaining cargo, the Tanker... The other factors can be considered as secondary délit d'atteinte à l'environnement was Panship, a for Oil. 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