Another approach defines conflict as a dispute about important political, economic, social, cultural, or territorial issues between two or more ethnic communities (8).

The loss of human lives, the denial of human rights, the breakdown of political order, the decline of the economy, most of the time the destruction of the economic infrastructure, are the main victims of such a conflict. Although it is generally accepted that the ruling elites are often held responsible for creating tension between communities, once the tension is ignited, it is not easily extinguished. between linguistic groups within nations.

Which of the following was a result of the 1993 Oslo Accords? 5, October 1997, pp. Nevertheless, there are common traits, a common historical background and common values that the present day enemies, shared in co-existence before a not so distant past. 77-98. In actual terms, part of the problem with these theses on the cases of conflict has a lot to do with the way that the media and the half knowledgeable journalists, who correspond from the conflict areas, transmit as an indisputable fact. The confrontation of separate groups of people, begins with the difference in the conception of the conflict itself. mestizo. To evaluate my theoretical proposal vis-à-vis the practice of conflict resolution I herein conduct a comparative study of the peace processes of three ethnonational conflicts: Northern Ireland, Bosnia and Cyprus. 2016, 028 9036 6202 121-142. December 5 In order to prevent the formation of negative feelings, a stable and democratic society separates race and ethnicity, protects the basic human rights of its citizens leaving no space for discrimination, based on race, religion, ethnic origin or even cultural preference. Individuals are not solely for a personal gain, but they consider themselves as members of specific national communities, which will claim their rights as a whole.

Certainly there are different theories of what constitutes ethnic conflict, but the concept still remains unclear. Cultural differences and similarities are still a major reason for the formation of tensions that lead to conflict. During the society's re-constructing period, the number of different approaches to problem solving differ from population to government and vice versa. intifada. It is argued that Assimilation of minorities into a large integrated whole was viewed as the inevitable future. However, they were equipped with only little knowledge concerning the actual inhabitants and the problems that exist or the problems that could be created by intermingling factors other than the people who were immediately concerned. Based on this context, there is an assumption that the conflicts which arose in the former Yugoslavia, are neither religious nor historical, but they are rather based in ideological differences substantiated by economic interests. Preliminary findings support viewing power-sharing arrangements as part of a broader reorientation of relationships between the rival ethnonational groups, from relationships based on domination to those based on equality. Following this event violent crises emerged within the post-communist states, based along ethnic, religious, or even linguistic lines. As it is known, Blake and Mouton were the first to classify personality traits and strategies of conflict resolution, and they gave the five basic types: forcing, withdrawing, soothing, compromising and problem solving (10). A number of scholars have argued that ethnicity problems reflect the state of a traditional society.

It has been estimated that more than 26 million refugees were fleeing the 50 major 'ethnonational conflicts' that were occurring in 1993 and 1994, with each conflict responsible for an average of 80,000 deaths (2).

72, No. Ethnonational Elites and Economic Interests. During the transitional period, the ongoing struggle for power gains, could proceed with difficulties to a democratic process, even if the intra-societal problems seem at first, quite unsolvable. 2 Gurr T., People Against States: Ethnopolitical Conflict and the Changing World System, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. The second hypothesis asserts that the greater the dissimilarity, the greater the likelihood of war and conflict. The Yugoslavian problem with the disputes, the conflicts, the continuous instability and the violent outbreaks that produced, along with the eventual war that has savaged the area for quite some time has provided the best case for research concerning conflict management and conflict prevention in a transforming society. While power-sharing has been successfully mainstreamed into international practice of conflict resolution, its lack of clear normative underpinnings hinders its embracement into accepted legal and political frameworks. The unique nature of the conflicts in the Balkan region is mostly centred around specific issues. The first hypothesis states that the likelihood of war and conflict is lower in states with cultural similarities. Usually emphasis is placed on moderation, in order to appease the extremists. 12:30PM - 2:00PM, Memorialization as Truth-Telling: Lessons from the Global Initiative for Justice, Truth and Reconciliation, Wednesday 21 October

Most parts of the globe have been touched by ethnic conflict (6).

The emergence of “collective equality” in the resolution of ethnonational conflicts. Thus, it is considered as a necessary step to enter the conflict-ridden regions either way possible in order to teach these people the art of compromise, how to leave behind their antagonisms, how to live like civilised people. Ulster UniversityYork StreetBelfastCounty AntrimBT15 1ED, Monday the two-state solution. In fact, the conflicting groups usually viewed politics from a different perspective. 137-50. 1 Kegley C., and E. Wittkopf, World Politics, Trends and Transformation, 5th ed., New York: St. Martin's, 1995, p. 498. TJI Seminar - Limor Yehuda,  'The emergence of “collective equality” in the resolution of ethno-national conflicts'. In dealing with the specific problem of the disputes in the Yugoslav conflict, western researchers have devoted substantial time in analysing the case through a historical perspective.

Since the end of the Cold War "it is argued that ethnic conflict is among the world's greatest killers" (1). a. between nations of dissimilar ethnic population b. between linguistic groups within nations c. within an ethnic group of a nation d. … 22-49. At the same time, when they wish to underestimate tension, they face a quite difficult situation. However, the cost incurred to any society from such a conflict is usually enormous. This analysis, though seems to overlook the fact that most of these conflicts are fundamentally based in the material interests of the groups involved in the conflict. In other words, this kind of conflict is fundamentally rooted into materialism and has basically nothing to do with abstract ideologies. 3 Huntington S., The Clash of Civilizations, Foreign Affairs, Vol. On the other hand, the Northern Ireland case can continue the way it has started centuries ago, without much of outside interference and without any other country pressing England to solve the problem any other way. conflicts between ethnic, racial, religious, and linguistic groups within nations.

3-26. 649-668. e.mccoubrey@ulster.ac.uk, WPS and Postcoloniality, by Dr Khanyisela Moyo, Wednesday 7 October Huntington presents a model with two hypotheses concerning the likelihood of conflict. This principle is comprised of four elements: equality in negotiations, political equality, social and economic equality and equal recognition. This school of thought, which bases its analysis on the economic and material foundations of the conflict problems, applies to most of the conflicts that have occurred after the end of the Cold War. Their ability to dominate or to spread power where is necessary is a key element to manage a tension area. Another more operational definition suggests that conflicts comprise threats to valuesÓ based on an ethnic boundary between in-groups and out-groups, which has the potential to give rise to group mobilisation and politicisation to separate community, society or state (9). While all these are, as mentioned, very important, at the same time the external factor remains quite important. In these early stages, the balance of power between competing groups usually prevents any further evolution of the conflict. The case of Slovakia, for example, has proved the possibilities of a peaceful approach to ethnic differences.

3:00PM - 4:30PM, Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment. Management Fundamentals: Concepts Applications, & Skill Development, Aging Matters: An Introduction to Social Gerontology, Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic illness and Disability, Essential Repertoire: For the Developing Choir, Essential Musicianship: A Comprehensive Choral Method Book Two, The Rise and Fall of Modern Black Leadership, a. between nations of dissimilar ethnic population. Since the end of the Cold War "it is argued that ethnic conflict is among the world's greatest killers" (1). It is often argued that Òthat cultural or ethnic differences are at the heart of these ethnic conflictsÓ4. It is generally accepted as a universal truth, that when conflict arises in a democratic society between government and opposition parties, or societal groups, democracy is not endangered.

6 Jalali Rita & Lipset M. Seymour, Racial and Ethnic Conflicts: A Global Perspective, American Leadership, Ethnic Conflict, and the New World Politics, The Academy of Political Science, New York, 1997, pp.
Samuel Huntington has already called them, "civilizational fault lines" (3).


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