A probable explanation for this is that most of our HIV positive patients were taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, a drug which has been found to cause hypoglycaemic effects in some patients [34]. Lancet Infect Dis. Prasad P, Gounder S, Varman S, Viney K. Sputum smear conversion and treatment outcomes for tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes in Fiji. Then, data were sorted, coded, and entered into a computer using EpiData. Nearly one in twelve diabetic individuals reported that they had a family history of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes individuals have a higher risk of developing DM; each year about 5% to 10% of prediabetes individuals develop DM [36]. TB co-infection is associated with poor glycemic control among DM patients. In this study, the overall proportion of prediabetes among TB patients was 29.7%, which is consistent with a similar study performed in Gonder, Ethiopia [35]. Additionally, we conducted an advanced statistical meta-analysis model such as a univariate meta-regression model by considering publication year and sample size as covariates to identify the possible sources of random variations across primary studies. A possible source of regional variation in the prevalence of DM among TB patients might be attributable to the differences in the general population prevalence of DM in the respective countries. PubMed Central  In contrast to available literature and findings from other studies [29–33], HIV infection appeared protective in our study. Kibirige D, Ssekitoleko R, Mutebi E, Worodria W. Overt diabetes mellitus among newly diagnosed Ugandan tuberculosis patients: a cross sectional study. Besides, subgroup analysis was done based on different factors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CAS  Cookies policy. Mi F, Jiang G, Du J, Li L, Yue W, Harries AD, Hinderaker SG, Lin Y. Flow chart of study selection for systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of DM among TB patients in SSA. 2015;93(3):547–8. The literature search from the above databases was done from August 10 to September 9, 2017. Likewise, from the above subgroup analysis, we found that the pooled prevalence of DM among TB patients in Ethiopia was 10%, which is almost twice the prevalence of DM among the general population. According to the WHO (2016), the prevalence of DM by region were 7.1% (SSA), 8.3% (America), 13.7% (Mediterranean), 7.3% (Europe), 8.6% (South-East Asia), and 8.4% (Western Pacific) [88]. Therefore, this study aims to assess the diabetes mellitus comorbidity among patients on tuberculosis treatment. 2006, 10 (6): 696-700. The funder did not participate in the research design, data collection, and manuscript preparation process. There is increased speculation that diabetes mellitus might attribute to high infectious diseases burden, such as tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India. A multi centre study done in Texas, USA and Mexico reported prevalence of 39% and 36% respectively [27]. Sobngwi E, Choukem S, Agbalika F: Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Human Herpes virus 8 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africans. Four international databases-PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and The Cochrane Library, were systematically searched. All necessary data for this review were extracted using a standardized data extraction format by two authors (CT and AA1). PLoS One. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2013. International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Type 2 DM accounts for about 90% of the diabetes with even higher prevalence in urban and aged populations [6]. CAS  Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacterium, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually attacks the lung [2]. Moreover, a special emphasis should be given for early screening of DM among TB/HIV co-infected patients. World J Med Sci. EM, BM, and LT took part in the interpretation of result and manuscript development. The prognosis and clinical course of each of the two conditions adversely affect the other [7]. 2015;19(6):685–92. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript. In SSA, study findings regarding the prevalence of DM among TB patients differ by geographical region and the background characteristics of the study participants [9, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]. Jiménez-Corona ME, Cruz-Hervert LP, García-García L, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Delgado-Sánchez G, Bobadilla-del-Valle M, Canizales-Quintero S, Ferreira-Guerrero E, Báez-Saldaña R, Téllez-Vázquez N. Association of diabetes and tuberculosis: impact on treatment and post-treatment outcomes. These risks are known to become worse in people living with DM, especially if their blood glucose levels are high [15, 16]. 1). 2, this meta-analysis found that that the pooled proportion of DM among TB patients in SSA was found to 9% (95% CI: 6, 12). Part of Type 2 DM was the most frequent type of DM encountered among the study participants with DM-TB co-infection (90.9%). Balde et al. El-Sadr W, Mullin C, Carr A: Effects of HIV disease on lipid, glucose and insulin levels: Results from a large antiretroviral-naive cohort. This study demonstrates that DM is highly frequent among admitted TB patients in Mulago hospital, Uganda. PubMed Google Scholar. About three-fourths of the patients had attended at least primary education (Table 1). 2008;5(7):e152. 2004, 37: 1464-1469. Article  2015;5(2):150–2. Li L, Lin Y, Mi F, Tan S, Liang B, Guo C, Shi L, Liu L, Gong F, Li Y. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. 2019, Article ID 7640836, 7 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7640836, 1College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia, 2College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia. Public Health Action. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. Rücker G, Schwarzer G, Carpenter JR, Schumacher M. Undue reliance on I 2 in assessing heterogeneity may mislead. CAS  This form of reactionary hyperglycemia can also lead to over diagnosis of DM among TB patients. Article  The findings of these 16 studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis patients in Sub-Saharan Africa was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.0, 12.0%). 2006, 10 (1): 74-79. Results: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetics was 5.3% [95% CI: (2.2, 8.4)]. This high disparity in the prevalence of above studies could be due to the various techniques used to diagnose DM among TB patients and possibly the effects of co-morbidities such as HIV. In the univariable analysis; age, education, occupation, and family history of diabetes had a significant statistical association () with DM. The classical symptoms of DM include: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, generalised body weakness and progressive weight loss. The possible link between the two diseases will further complicate the problem and seek special concern [9, 10]. CAS  Rifampicin, a very potent anti TB drug has also been shown to induce a transient early phase hyperglycemia owing to augmentation of intestinal glucose absorption [11]. Int J Clin Pract. ATW, CT, GDK, FW, PP, AA2, ADA, MA, and SE: data analysis, reviewing the manuscript, data extraction and quality assessment. It also principally reflects direct hepatocellular damage or liver dysfunction. Takasu N, Yamada T, Miura H: Rifampicin-induced early phase hyperglycemia in humans. The youngest participant was 18 years and the eldest was 65 years. 2008;8:79. The normal values for the above tests were: serum albumin: 35–50 g/L, GFR: 90–120 ml/min/1.73 m [2], ALT: 0-80U/L and ALP: 30–129 U/L. PubMed  Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of DM among TB patients in SSA. Twenty participants had type 2 DM while 2 had type 1 DM. It seems that the risk of diabetes comorbidity increases by twofold for normal weight and fourfold for overweight TB patients compared with their underweight counterparts (Table 2). Ali S, Abera S, Mihret A, Abebe T: Association of Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Type II Diabetes in Ethiopia: A Hospital-Based Case–control Study. Amin S, Khattak MI, Shabbier G, Wazir MN. Multivariate analysis was then performed and variables considered were those which had a conservatively set cut off p-value of <0.3 on bivariate analysis. Low-income countries, such as in Ethiopia, are facing double burden of alarming rise in DM prevalence and the highest burden of TB in the world. CAS  ; In the last 20 years, the number of … J Clin Epidemiol. When age is increased, the prevalence of DM also increases, which was consistent with the studies done in Ethiopia and Kerala, India [11, 13, 23, 26, 27]. The most frequent symptoms among the study participants with DM-TB co-infection were polyuria (90.9%), polydipsia (77.3%) and progressive weight loss (68.2%). 2011, 3: 2-, Petoumenos K, Worm S, Fontas E: Predicting the short-term risk of diabetes in HIV-positive patients: the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study. Yoon C, Gulick R, Hoover D: Case–control study of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients. California Privacy Statement, Stevenson C, Forouhi N, Roglic G, Williams B, Lauer J, Dye C: Diabetes and tuberculosis: the impact of the diabetes epidemic on tuberculosis incidence. This review found that the prevalence of DM among HIV-infected TB patients is higher than HIV-uninfected TB patients. Hall V, Thomsen RW, Henriksen O, Lohse N. Diabetes in sub Saharan Africa 1999-2011: epidemiology and public health implications. Diabetes Care. 2011, 89: 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-122. Public Health Action. The descriptive data were presented using a table to describe the characteristics of each primary study. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. In the first step of our search, 1467 articles were retrieved on the prevalence of DM among TB patients. Thirty-three (7.8%) patients refused to participate in the screening. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: HIV and Diabetes | Understanding HIV/AIDS | AIDSinfo available https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/22/59/hiv-and-diabetes. Wild SH, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030: response to Rathman and Giani. Factors associated with diabetes mellitus among patients tuberculosis on treatment, Eastern Ethiopia. Getachew A, Mekonnen S, Alemu S. High magnitude of diabetes mellitus among active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia; 2014. Shaikh MA, Singla R, Khan NB, Sharif NS, Saigh MO. The relationship between DM and HIV as well as that with ALT remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis (HIV: OR- 0.17 95%CI 0.06-0.51, p=0.002 and ALT: OR-11.42 95%CI 2.15-60.59, p=0.004). This finding is supported by the shreds of evidence from other studies conducted in Ethiopia and other developing countries [13, 25, 32]. Outcome variable, bivariate analyses using chi-square test was performed Yoka-Mbio a Camara! National tuberculosis registry 2000–2012 final analysis consented eligible study participants with TB-DM co-infection type. A multi centre study done in Texas, USA and Mexico reported prevalence of mellitus... 1995–2025: prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis patients in kg/ serum creatinine in mg/dL 72. And those who could not offer informed consent were excluded from the existing... In SSA was significantly high concentrations were noted to be associated with DM among TB patients these 450... 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