Her knowledge, expertise and experience helped British officials draw up the borders of Iraq, and put Faisal I at the head of the new kingdom. Elle fut l’une des rares femmes de son époque à étudier l’histoire en raison des nombreuses restrictions imposées au sexe féminin. Soon, he was sent to Cairo, Egypt, to work for the British intelligence department there. On one side of her is Winston Churchill, who was Britain’s colonial secretary at the time. This complicated character – exceptional on the Arab, predominantly male scene – is now starring in biographies, films (“like “Queen of the Desert,” starring Nicole Kidman) and even comics. En mai 1892, après avoir quitté Oxford, elle rejoint son oncle, Sir Frank Lascelles, alors ambassadeur britannique à Téhéran, capitale de l’empire Perse. At the The Cairo Conference of 1921, Bell and her colleague Lawrence both recommended Faisal as a candidate to be King of Iraq. Esquire spoke to the film’s creators, Zeva Oelbaum and Sabine Krayenbühl, to find out more about the fascinating riddle that is Gertrude Bell and check out the film trailer below. Obviously that thought kind of career had a terrible impact on her personal life. Dr. Juliette Desplat: I think she was very much in favor of some form of Arab independence. Gertrude Bell in Baalbek, 1900. We don’t know how her views on governance and self-governance in the Middle East may have changed or evolved in the inter-war period, because like T.E. Elle y retrouve alors le jeune T.E Lawrence avec qui elle fait équipe. “The first time I saw the mass of material she left, I discovered a treasure trove,” she tells Haaretz. Woolley pointed out that really pointed out that he knew the the language, the people, and the country and that he may perhaps be of assistance to the government. You know, piercing blue eyes and white weathering, billowing robes, and a camel. In 1962, English director David Lean delivered for Lawrence with his epic, Oscar-winning movie Lawrence of Arabia starring Peter O’Toole as Lawrence, universally regarded as one of the greatest films in the history of cinema. And in the end these ideas never really materialized and the borders that we know were very different from those who can see on the map. This is where Lawrence’s career in intelligence begins, and why we think of him as a spy today. Fayçal ben Hussein el-Hachimi Eljai (1885 – 1933) Gertrude Bell, third from left, was flanked by Winston Churchill and T.E. Thursday 9 May 2019 | The National Archives | On the Record, Podcasts | 1 comment. At this time, the British and French were essentially carving up the region to best suit their interests, and many British officials felt oil-rich Iraq would be more useful as a colony than an independent state. Subscribe: iTunes | Spotify | RadioPublic | Google Podcasts. ESQ: What are Bell’s biggest failings, according to her critics? Like every historical figure, he’s complicated. Matt Norman: Summing up, how should we remember Lawrence, do you think? I started looking into her when I was doing a piece of work on intelligence and archeologists in the Middle East during the First World War. He presented this map at a meeting of the Eastern Committee of the cabinet in November 1918, and this, if you want, is his response to the infamous Sykes-Picot map of 1916, which had been designed by the French and the British to carve out the Ottoman empire. And this leads us to an important question: was T. E. Lawrence a freedom fighter bravely risking his life for the Arab cause he believed in…or was he a British agent with a secret agenda who betrayed the Arabs? We don’t know how her views on governance and self-governance in the Middle East may have changed or evolved in the inter-war period, because like T.E. ESQ: Why has such an important character been written out of history unlike, say, T.E Lawrence? And because the film only covered the great Arab Revolt, that’s also what people remember of Lawrence. And how should he be remembered? Prof Berry said that Bell had the opinion that "what applied to other women didn't apply to her". You can see that he envisaged different governments in different regions. Matt Norman: When she’s working out in the Middle East, what do we know about how she worked? We had extraordinary footage of the mists on the Tigris and the guffa boats, which are these round boats they use; I feel in that scene that she’s right there beside me. SK: Yes, absolutely. Yeah, so not a very popular guy. Video, How history was made in the 2020 science Nobels, Mick Fleetwood surprises viral Dreams TikTok star. I think she was a very strong character. Bell was born on 14 July 1868 in Washington New Hall – now known as Dame Margaret Hall – in Washington, County Durham, England to a family whose wealth ensured her education and enabled her travels. Dr. Juliette Desplat: Yes. Hookah smokers in Constantinople, circa 1900. After the war, Bell was often called on to mediate between the Shia Muslims, Sunni Muslims, and the Kurds, three large groups in the region who still to this day have differing opinions on who should govern. Dr. Juliette Desplat: She’s probably remembered as a king maker. He is certainly portrayed as that young dashing British officer leading the Arabs towards victory, but that’s also a myth rather than historical reality. And then a very good documentary was made called Letters from Baghdad, which sort of restored the balance of history. I’ll admit I still don’t know what to think about him. Through her extensive travels in of the Middle East she both explored and mapped territories and became influential to British imperial policy-making due to her knowledge and contacts, most especially, the creation of Iraq. Par la suite Gertrude Bell devient secrétaire honoraire de la Ligue des femmes contre le suffrage féminin. She was eulogized by a local newspaper for being a friend of many Iraqis, but above all a friend of Iraq. She should be judged in the context of her times and not in light of 21st-century insights.”, Bengio adds: “Her vision was to establish a single Iraq, unified under proper government. Zeva Oelbaum: We’d read several books about her. No one at the National Archives knows more about T.E. Changer ), Vous commentez à l’aide de votre compte Twitter. But I didn’t really matter because she was extremely well connected and she used these personal connections and her facilities, her abilities in making good or building good relations with local sheiks or local tribes to gather intelligence that then was reported in reports, in policy papers, but also in personal letters. Lawrence has gone down in history as a hero and iconic figure, Gertrude Bell did much of the same work…. Matt Norman: And how should history remember her? It will live in the annals of war… It will live in the legends of Arabia ». And that’s how Gertrude Bell worked. Lawrence il s’installa en Angleterre et se découvrit une passion pour les motocyclettes. Subsequently, she visited pre-state Israel, Damascus and Baghdad – and studied Persian, Arabic and Turkish. And that placed her in a great position to do the work that the Arab Bureau and then the administration of Mesopotamia were doing at the time because she knew the region, she knew all the chiefs and all the sheiks. In the early 1920s, Gertrude Bell’s health began to decline. This is something that was mentioned to us many times from our Iraqi advisers. Unfortunately, we never get to hear Lawrence’s side of things beyond his autobiography and the notebooks he left behind. In 1886, she became the first woman to obtain a first-class honors degree in history at Oxford. So was the Interior Office. How did a British lady from a wealthy background go from the drawing rooms of London to the Middle East? "She was so inspiring, so fearless and a brilliant scholar. Gertrude Bell and Lawrence of Arabia in the movie Queen of the desert with Nicole Kidman and Robert Patinson . In her last years she was put in charge of antiquities on behalf of the Iraqi government and worked to establish the Baghdad Archaeological Museum (now known as the National Museum of Iraq). SK: Yes, a lot of them are linked to the American-led invasion of 2003. .css-8h1dth-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-8h1dth-Link:hover,.css-8h1dth-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. Notre aventurière quant à elle, devient conseillère des hommes politiques qui procèdent à la partition de l’Empire Ottoman. On the other hand, he published his autobiography and later published a condensed version, both of which propelled him back into the public eye. En Angleterre et se découvrit une passion pour les motocyclettes to think about.... 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